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Mastocytosis citations

  1. Blood (2017) 129 (11) 16 March 2017. Mastocytosis: 2016 updated WHO classification and novel emerging treatment concepts. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  2. Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA). Position Paper – Diagnosis and Investigation of Mast Cell Activation Disorders and Syndrome. Accessed 15 December 2024.
  3. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice: Volume 10, 2022. Global Classification of Mast Cell Activation Disorders: An ICD-10-CM–Adjusted Proposal of the ECNM-AIM Consortium. Accessed 15 January 2025.
  4. Akin C, Gülen T, Castells M C, Elberink H O, Valent P, Diagnosis and management of patients with mast cell activation syndromes: status 2026, The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice (2025). Accessed 27 Nov 2025.
  5. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2023 Dec 8;2023(1):396-406. Mastocytosis demystified. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  6. NIH National Cancer Institute, Definition of neoplasm. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  7. Mounié M, Burel H D, Molinier L. Lifetime Disability-Adjusted Life-Year Assessment of Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Volume 13, Issue 4. Lifetime Disability-Adjusted Life-Year Assessment of Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis. 2025 Apr. Accessed 27 October 2025.
  8. Diagnostics (Basel) 25 October 2023. A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS, and Mastocytosis. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  9. Orphanet J Rare Dis 17, 295 (2022) 29 July 2022. Health-related quality of life and health literacy in patients with systemic mastocytosis and mast cell activation syndrome. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  10. HemaSphere, 13 October 2021. Updated Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Mast Cell Disorders: A Consensus Proposal. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  11. Khoury J D, et al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic/Dendritic Neoplasms. Accessed 29 Oct 2025.
  12. Bibi, Siham & Arslanhan, Melis & Langenfeld, Florent & Jeanningros, Sylvie & Cerny-Reiterer, Sabine & Hadzijusufovic, Emir & Tchertanov, Luba & Moriggl, Richard & Valent, Peter & Arock, Michel. (2014). Co-operating STAT5 and AKT signaling pathways in chronic myeloid leukemia and mastocytosis: Possible new targets of therapy (Table 1). Haematologica. 99. 417-29. 10.3324/haematol.2013.098442. Accessed 29 Oct 2025.
  13. Systemic Mastocytosis, Version 2.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. JNCCN [Internet]. 2018; 16(12): 1500-1537. Accessed 14 December 2024.
  14. Orphanet, Cutaneous mastocytosis, disease definition. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  15. Swarnkar B, Sarkar R. Childhood Cutaneous Mastocytosis: Revisited. Indian J Dermatol. 2023 Jan-Feb;68(1):121. Accessed 1 Dec 2025.
  16. Orphanet – Cutaneous mastocytoma. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  17. Orphanet – Maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis. Accessed 16 December 2024.
  18. Cutaneous manifestations in patients with mastocytosis: Consensus report of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis; the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology; and the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Accessed 3 May 2025.
  19. Orphanet – Telangiectasia Macularis Eruptiva Perstans (TMEP) – subtype: ORPHA:90389. Accessed 15 December 2024.
  20. Orphanet – Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  21. Orphanet – Indolent systemic mastocytosis. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  22. Atopic dermatitis and skin disease, Volume 124, Issue 3 September 2009. Prognosis in adult indolent systemic mastocytosis: A long-term study of the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis in a series of 145 patients. Accessed 16 February 2025.
  23. Patient Power, 24 February 2023. Systemic Mastocytosis Life Expectancy. Accessed 16 February 2025.
  24. Orphanet – Isolated bone marrow mastocytosis. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  25. Orphanet – Smouldering Systemic Mastocytosis. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  26. Review and Updates on Systemic Mastocytosis and Related Entities. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Nov. Accessed 30 Nov 2025.
  27. Orphanet – Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  28. Orphanet – Systemic mastocytosis with associated hematologic neoplasm. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  29. National Cancer Institute. Definition of SM-AHN. Accessed 16 February 2025.
  30. British Journal of Haematology, 6 December 2023. Advanced systemic mastocytosis—Revised classification, new drugs and how we treat. Accessed 18 February 2025.
  31. Orphanet – Mast cell leukemia. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  32. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice: Volume 10, Issue 8, August 2022. Personalized Management Strategies in Mast Cell Disorders: ECNM-AIM User’s Guide for Daily Clinical Practice. Accessed 8 May 2025.
  33. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 6 June 2024. Mast cell activation syndrome: Current understanding and research needs. Accessed 26 February 2025.
  34. Vitte J, Vibhushan S, Bratti M, Montero-Hernandez JE, Blank U. Allergy, anaphylaxis, and nonallergic hypersensitivity: IgE, mast cells, and beyond. Medical Principles and Practice. 2022;31(6):501–515. doi: 10.1159/000527481. PMID: 36219943.
  35. Kačar M, Rijavec M, Šelb J, Korošec P. Clonal mast cell disorders and hereditary α-tryptasemia as risk factors for anaphylaxis. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2023 Jan 18. doi: 10.1111/cea.14264. Accessed 31 July 2025.
  36. Chollet MB, Akin C. Hereditary alpha tryptasemia is not associated with specific clinical phenotypes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2022 Feb;149(2):728–735.e2. Accessed 31 July 2025.
  37. Nature Reviews Disease Primers: Volume 11, 2025. Mastocytosis. Accessed 3 May 2025.
  38. Allergy., 2008 Feb;63. Anaphylaxis in patients with mastocytosis: a study on history, clinical features and risk factors in 120 patients. Accessed 6 April 2025.
  39. Blood: Volume 144, Supplement 1, 2024. Prevalence and Characteristics of Cutaneous Mastocytosis in Adult-Onset Mastocytosis in the Skin. Accessed 3 May 2025.
  40. Gangireddy M, Ciofoaia G A. Systemic Mastocytosis. [Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Accessed 6 Dec 2025.
  41. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 17, 30 May 2016. Endocrine manifestations of systemic mastocytosis in bone. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  42. Malik N, Porter R, Haque S, Tazeen N. Skeletal mastocytosis as a cause of chronic widespread pain. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2025 Mar 17;9(2):rkaf026. doi: 10.1093/rap/rkaf026. PMID: 40342520; PMCID: PMC12060711. Accessed 6 Dec 2025.
  43. MDCLAC. World Health Organization (WHO) Diagnostic Criteria for Systemic Mastocytosis. Accessed 29 Oct 2025.
  44. The Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA). Mastocytosis and Other Mast Cell Disorders. Accessed 29 Oct 2025.
  45. Siebenhaar F, Hartmann K, et al. (2025). Mastocytosis in the age of precision medicine: Position paper of the German Society of Allergy (AeDA) on the management of indolent systemic mastocytosis (Fig 2). Allergy Journal International. 34. 10.1007/s40629-025-00327-x. Accessed on 29 Oct 2025.
  46. Pathology Tests Explained. Tests / Tryptase. Accessed 29 Oct 2025.
  47. Valent P, Rüfer A, et al. Leukemia 2025 Jan 15;39(3):675–683. doi: 10.1038/s41375-024-02504-3. Prognostic impact of expression of CD2, CD25, and/or CD30 in/on mast cells in systemic mastocytosis: a registry study of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis. Accessed 29 Oct 2025.
  48. Magliacane D, Parente R, Triggiani M Transl Med UniSa. 2014 Feb 4;8:65–74. Current Concepts on Diagnosis and Treatment of Mastocytosis (Table II). Accessed 29 Oct 2025.
  49. Berry R, Payne L, D’orsogna L, Salman S. Pathology, Volume 56, S109 – S110. The potential value of hereditary alpha-tryptasemia testing in an Australian setting. Accessed 29 Oct 2025.
  50. Weiler C R, Austen K F, Akin C, Barkoff M S, Bernstein J A, Bonadonna P, et al. AAAAI Mast Cell Disorders Committee Work Group Report: mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) diagnosis and management. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2019; 144: 883-96. Accessed 30 Nov 2025.
  51. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America: Volume 43, Issue 4, 2023. Effect of Gender and Special Considerations for Women in Mastocytosis and Anaphylaxis. Accessed 3 May 2025.
  52. Akin C, Butterfield J H, Castells M, Lyons J J. Management of indolent mastocytosis and mast cell activation syndrome: A clinical yardstick. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Volume 135, Issue 4, 2025. Accessed on 30 Nov 2025.
  53. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice (2021) 9(5). Criteria for the Regression of Pediatric Mastocytosis: A Long-Term Follow-Up. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  54. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports (2017) 17(80). Mastocytosis in Children. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  55. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases (2022) 14(1). Treatment of Indolent and Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  56. Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii (2018) 35(6). Cutaneous Mastocytosis Treatment: Strategies, Limitations and Perspectives. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  57. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice (2019) 7(7). Omalizumab Therapy for Mast Cell-Mediator Symptoms in Patients with ISM, CM, MMAS, and MCAS. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  58. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2024) 91(3). Omalizumab as an Emerging Treatment for Severe Refractory Cutaneous Mastocytosis: A Systematic Review of the Adult and Paediatric Literature. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  59. Slapnicar, Calum & Smeenk, Conrad & Hicks, Lisa & Petrucci, Jessica & Vadas, Peter & Trinkaus, Martina. (2018). A Retrospective Case Series Describing the Efficacy of Ketotifen in Systemic Mastocytosis. Blood. 132. 5474-5474. 10.1182/blood-2018-99-120112. Accessed 30 Nov 2025.
  60. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology: Volume 26, Issue 4, 2012. Indolent systemic mastocytosis treated with narrow-band UVB phototherapy: study of five cases. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  61. Dermatology: Volume 195, Issue 1, 1997. Short- and long-term effectiveness of oral and bath PUVA therapy in urticaria pigmentosa and systemic mastocytosis. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  62. Blood: Volume 138, Supplement 1, 2021. CD117 As an Immunotherapeutic Target in Advanced Forms of Mastocytosis. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  63. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine: Volume 40, Issue 4, 2024. Skin microbiome profiling reveals the crucial role of microbial metabolites in anti-photoaging. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  64. Hartmann K, Tanasi I, Boggs N A. Mast Cell Disorders and Hymenoptera Venom-Triggered Anaphylaxis: Evaluation and Management. 2025 Jan. Accessed 27 October 2025.
  65. New England Journal of Medicine (2016) 374(26). Efficacy and Safety of Midostaurin in Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis. Accessed 25 March 2025.
  66. The American Journal of Hematology: Volume 98, Issue 6, 2023. Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis: A Retrospective Multicenter Study. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  67. Blood: Volume 132, Supplement 1, 2018. Treatment of Patients with Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis, Mast Cell Leukemia and Mast Cell Sarcoma: A Single Center Experience. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  68. Blood: Volume 128, Issue 22, 2016. Experience with Pegylated Interferon-α2a in 30 Patients Diagnosed with Hematologic Neoplasms. Accessed 2 May 2025.
  69. International Journal of Play Therapy, 2022, Vol. 31, No. 3, 174–183. Child-Centered Play Therapy and Chronic Illness With Outcome Data: A Retrospective Case Study. Accessed on 8 May 2025.
  70. Thomas S, White V, Ryan N, Byrne L. (2021). Effectiveness of play therapy in enhancing psychosocial outcomes in children with chronic illness: A systematic review. Pediatric Nursing, 47(6), 301–308. Accessed on 8 May 2025.
  71. Siebenhaar F, Álvarez-Twose I, Triggiani M. EMJ Allergy Immunol. 2024;9[1]:26-36. Transforming Management of Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis With Precision Medicine. Accessed 30 Nov 2025.
  72. Siebenhaar F, von Tschirnhaus E, Hartmann K, Rabenhorst A, Staubach P, et al. Development and validation of the mastocytosis quality of life questionnaire: MC-QoL. 2016 Allergy, 71(6), 869–877. Accessed on 8 May 2025.
  73. Triggiani M, Hobart J, et al. Patient-Reported Outcomes and Provider Perceptions of Systemic Mastocytosis: Results From the PRISM Study. Clin Exp Allergy, 55: 784-794. Accessed 29 Oct 2025.
  74. NPS Medicinewise. Medicine and Side Effects. Accessed on 8 May 2025.
  75. SantaBarbara JN, Carroll J, Lobel M. Coping, social support, and anxiety in people with Mast Cell Disorders. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;127(4):435-440. Accessed on 8 May 2025.
  76. Ustun C, Arock M, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Reiter A, et al. Advanced systemic mastocytosis: from molecular and genetic progress to clinical practice. Haematologica. 2016;101(10):1133-1143. Accessed 8 May 2025.
  77. Palliative Care Australia, Frequently Asked Questions. Accessed 7 Dec 2025.
  78. The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, July 2018. Mastocytosis Fact Sheet. Accessed 7 Dec 2025.
  79. Leukemia Research Reports, Volume 14, 2020, 8 December 2020. Acute aleukemic mast cell leukemia: Report of a case and review of the literature. Accessed 7 Dec 2025.
  80. Boswell A. SM Companion. What is KIT D816V mutation testing? Accessed 7 Dec 2025.

Disclaimer

Last updated: 12 December 2025

Please note that this information is provided for general educational purposes only and does not replace medical advice, nor should it be used in place of consultation with a qualified health professional. While care has been taken to reflect current information based on reputable scientific source material at the time of writing, and TAMS will continue to update information periodically, omissions or inconsistencies may occur as scientific knowledge evolves.